"Never Have I Showed Myself unto Man":
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Ether 3:15a contains a statement from the Lord that sets the brother of Jared apart from everyone who had lived on earth up to his time: "Never have I showed myself unto man whom I have created, for never has man believed in me as thou hast."1 The uniqueness of Mahonri Moriancumer's faith justified the uniqueness of the Lord's revelation to him.2 Never, the Lord told him, had anyone experienced such a manifestation--a statement made even more remarkable when we consider that such great individuals as Adam, Eve, Enoch, and Noah had preceded the brother of Jared, and each of these, according to the scriptures, had conversed with God. In this brief essay I will present some ideas concerning the Lord's statement in Ether 3:15a. After sketching the common explanations proposed for the verse, I will suggest an alternative point of view that is, in my opinion, true to the text and consistent with what we know of the doctrine of God. In response to the brother of Jared's efforts to provide light for the Jaredite barges, the Lord first revealed to him His finger (Ether 3:6) and then finally His entire person (Ether 3:13-16). In the process He taught him much concerning the nature of Deity and revealed His own identity as well: "Because of thy faith thou hast seen that I shall take upon me flesh and blood" (Ether 3:9); "Behold, this body, which ye now behold, is the body of my spirit; . . . and even as I appear unto thee to be in the spirit will I appear unto my people in the flesh" (Ether 3:16). Moroni, the narrator of the account, provided a valuable summary and makes clear the identity of the deity who spoke: "Jesus showed himself unto this man in the spirit, even after the manner and in the likeness of the same body even as he showed himself unto the Nephites" (Ether 3:17).3 Mahonri was speaking with the premortal Jesus Christ, who would be born on earth over two thousand years later, receive a physical body, and while in the flesh, atone for the sins of the world. We cannot tell from the account what Mahonri knew about the nature of God or the mission of Christ prior to his vision, but it appears in verse 8 that he was startled to see what he thought was a body of "flesh and blood." The Lord's comments in verse 16 seem to make it clear that it was a body of spirit that the prophet saw. The unprecedented faith of the brother of Jared is mentioned both by Jesus and by Moroni as the factor that led to the unprecedented revelation. The Lord said, "Never has man come before me with such exceeding faith as thou hast" (Ether 3:9). Moroni added further emphasis: "Having this perfect knowledge of God, he could not be kept from within the veil. . . . The Lord could not withhold anything from him, for he knew that the Lord could show him all things" (Ether 3:20, 26). The key statement from the Lord is found in Ether 3:15a: "Never have I showed myself unto man whom I have created, for never has man believed in me as thou hast." Whatever the first clause of verse 15 means, it is clear that there was something extraordinary about this appearance of the Lord to the brother of Jared. Yet we know from the scriptures that others had in fact seen God. Adam and Eve conversed with the Lord in "the presence of the Lord God" while in the Garden of Eden (Moses 4:14-27); Adam and many others saw him in a great meeting not long before Adam's death (D&C 107:53-54); Enoch "saw the Lord" and spoke with him "even as a man talketh one with another, face to face" (Moses 7:4); and Noah and his sons "walked with God" (Moses 8:27). Our problem, then, is to determine the meaning of the Lord's statement to the brother of Jared in light of what we know of these other pre-Jaredite theophanies. The most common approach to understanding Ether 3:15a proposes that the Lord's statement has reference to the degree to which he revealed himself to the brother of Jared. President Joseph Fielding Smith stated this position as follows:
Elder Bruce R. McConkie interpreted the verse by restating it as follows: "'Never have I showed myself in the manner and form now involved; never has there been such a complete revelation of the nature and kind of being I am; never before has the veil been lifted completely so that a mortal man has been able to see my spirit body in the full and complete sense of the word.'"5 This approach is expressed in similar terms by other Latter-day Saint commentators.6 As another possible interpretation, Sidney B. Sperry suggested that the word "man" in Ether 3:15a may mean "unbelieving man." Never had the Lord shown himself to those who did not believe on his name, whereas to the faithful--presumably including individuals like Adam and Enoch--he had indeed shown himself as he did to Mahonri Moriancumer.7 Daniel H. Ludlow pointed out one aspect of the brother of Jared's experience that perhaps was unprecedented and may have something to do with the statement in Ether 3:15a. Emphasizing verses 19, 20 ("he could not be kept from within the veil"), and 26 ("the Lord could not withhold anything from him"), Ludlow wrote that the Lord "never had to show himself unto man before."8 This explanation probably tells us more about why the Lord gave him this unique experience than what was unique about it. These proposals are not, of course, mutually exclusive, and a correct understanding of the verse may entail elements of more than one of them. A starting point for interpretation is the idea that the Lord showed himself to the brother of Jared to a greater degree than to any earlier prophet. Yet that interpretation requires the addition of several modifiers to the Lord's seemingly unequivocal and absolute statement, "Never have I showed myself unto man whom I have created." I would like to propose an explanation that builds on this interpretation yet allows us to take the Lord's statement literally as it stands. In order to avoid ambiguity in the following discussion, I will
follow traditional Latter-day Saint usage and employ the name "Elohim"
exclusively for God, the Father of our spirits, and "Jehovah"
exclusively for the Lord Jesus Christ.9 This approach is
necessary for clarity because the scriptures refer to Christ as
both "God" and "the Father." In Ether 3 the brother of Jared was speaking with Jehovah, who,
according to King Benjamin, is "the Lord Omnipotent who reigneth,
who was, and is from all eternity to all eternity. . . . the Father
of heaven and earth, the Creator of all things from the beginning"
(Mosiah 3:5, 8; see also Alma 11:39). Under the direction of Elohim,
Jehovah is God of the universe, presiding over all things. Having
been endowed by Elohim with infinite power, glory, and authority,
Jehovah is the Father, as the Book of Mormon designates him
frequently.10 He is God who speaks to the prophets, who establishes
and reveals laws for the blessing of the world, and who directs
the affairs of the human family. We know also that Jehovah is the same being who later was born
into the world as Jesus Christ. He became a being of dual nature:
he is both Father and Son as he is also both God
and Man (see Doctrine and Covenants 93:3-4).11 Prior
to his birth, he was the Lord Jehovah (Father, God); while he walked
the earth, he was also the mortal Jesus Christ (Son, Man).12 The standard Latter-day Saint view of Jehovah's role as God was
expressed by President Joseph Fielding Smith:
He noted further:
When the Lord appeared in ancient times, he did so as the Father,
and when he gave revelation to prophets, he spoke of the mortal
mission of Jesus Christ in the third person, with the words of and
from the perspective of God the Father, as though Jesus Christ were
someone else. This explains Jehovah's words concerning Jesus in
difficult passages such as Moses 1 and Isaiah 53.15 Each of the above-mentioned explanations of Ether 3:15a presupposes
a theology similar to that of Joseph Fielding Smith: "All revelation
since the fall has come through Jesus Christ. . . . The Father [Elohim]
has never dealt with man directly and personally since the fall,
and he has never appeared except to introduce and bear record of
the Son."16 Assuming that such is the case, this appearance
to the brother of Jared is the first recorded manifestation of Jehovah
in which he appeared and identified himself as the Son. Elsewhere
the scriptures record him appearing or speaking as God the Father
(for example, Moses 6:50-52, 58-59; 7:4, 32-33, 39; see also 1:1-6).
But to the brother of Jared he said, "Behold, I am Jesus
Christ. I am the Father and the Son. In me shall all mankind
have life, and that eternally, even they who shall believe on my
name; and they shall become my sons and my daughters. And never
have I showed myself unto man whom I have created, for never has
man believed in me as thou hast" (Ether 3:14-15). The uniqueness of this situation lies in the fact that Jehovah
appeared to Mahonri Moriancumer in his role as Jesus Christ--rather
than as the Father. Never before, as far as we can tell from the
scriptures, had Jesus Christ shown himself unto man. (And,
interestingly, nowhere else in the scriptures do we have a clear
example of Jehovah appearing as Jesus until his coming in the flesh.)17
As Moroni reported, "Having this perfect knowledge of God,
he could not be kept from within the veil; therefore he saw Jesus"
(Ether 3:20). To the brother of Jared, Christ revealed his complete
nature: God who would become Man--Jehovah, the Father, who would
become Jesus, the Son. Perhaps the unprecedented nature of this appearance is a reason why the Lord commanded that the account not be made known in the world until after his mortal ministry (Ether 3:21). Kent P. Jackson is an associate professor of ancient scripture at Brigham Young University. Notes
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